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What is chemotherapy actually doing?

Cancer cells divide much faster than most normal cells. Chemotherapy attacks cells that are dividing fast, wherever they are in the body.

That is also why the side effects happen. Your hair, your gut lining and your blood cells divide fast too, so they get caught in the same net.

Written by two physicians. Checked against patient information from the US National Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK.

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Content last updated 25 September 2026 · How we write these cards · Report a problem with this card

These cards are for learning. They are not medical advice and do not replace talking with your own doctor.